Iani, C. , Stella, G. & Rubichi, S.
University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
In the typical Simon task, responses to a non-spatial stimulus feature are faster and more accurate when stimulus and response spatially correspond (corresponding trials) than when they do not correspond (noncorresponding trials). Several studies have shown that the advantage for corresponding trials, known as the Simon effect, is null or inverted after a noncorresponding trial. These trial-by-trial modulations suggest the existence of executive control mechanisms that adapt our behavior to current goals protecting our performance from cognitive conflict. The aim of the present study was to assess whether these mechanisms, well consolidated in adults, are present in younger children. To this end we tested 17 first-grade and 17 second-grade children on a Simon task in which correspondence sequence was manipulated on a trial-by-trial basis. Both groups showed a regular Simon effect when the preceding trial was corresponding and a reduction of the effect when the preceding trial was noncorresponding. Crucially, this reduction was stronger for second-grade children who showed trial-to-trials modulations comparable to those observed in adults. These results provide insights into the development of cognitive control mechanisms.